2015年职称英语考试《综合类A级》模拟试卷(2)31

2015-01-16 16:10 [模拟试题] 来源于：未知

导读：第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 31、阅读材料，回答31-45题。 The Public Health System On

第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、阅读材料，回答31-45题。

The Public Health System

One of the biggest changes since 1990 is the degree to which bioterrorism has become a public health priority.Although there had long been concern about vulnerability to biowarfare and bioterrorism the anthrax episode in the fall of 2001 made it clear that the concern is no longer theoretical.Until very recently, the important role of public health at the frontlines of bioterrorism preparedness was unrecognized.Although concern about emerging infections has helped stimulate funding for the chronically under-appreciated public health system, the threat of bioterrorism motivated the first real infusion of new money into public health in
decades.
Many of the capabilities needed to defend against bioterrorism are the same: as those needed to combat natural emerging infections.In both instance, the problem is an unexpected outbreak of infectious disease, of which the first indication is likely to be sick people in emergency rooms or clinics.Indeed, as with the anthrax attacks, the public health and medical responses may be under way before the true nature of the outbreak is recognized. Public health and the interface with the health care system are therefore key elements in any effective response to bioterrorism.
Whether the biggest threat is natural or engineered much remains to be done.Efforts to strengthen surveillance and response worldwide and to improve communication must be accelerated and sustained.Further,we have only scratched the surface in terms of understanding the ecology of infectious diseases and developing strategies for regulating microbial traffic.We need tools for better predictive epidemiologic modeling when a new infection first appears and for better analysis of the factors that transfer pathogens across species.One encouraging development is the program in the ecology of infections diseases that was started a few years ago be the National Science Foundation in cooperation with NIH.
SARS is a good yardstick of our progress during the past 13 years.The syndrome was unusual because novel infections that spread from person to person are relatively rare.Once cases were finally reported, the public health response was vigorous.WHO warned health care providers, researchers rapidly identified a candidate virus, and prototype diagnostic tests quickly became available.The vast reach of the Internet was instrumental in sharing formation and coordinating activities worldwide.Despite these advances, SARS had already spread to many countries.In fact had the disease been as transmissible as influenza, it would have invaded virtually every country in the world by the time the public health response had begun.So what SARS tells us is that although we have come long way since 1990, we still have a long way to go.
The main idea expressed in the first paragraph is that__________.
A．the threat of bioterrorism is real rather than theoretical
B．the concern about bio-warfare and bioterrorism has been justified
C．the public health system plays an important role in fighting against bioterrorism
D．bioterrorism has to a considerable degree become a public health priority

32、Bioterrorism may lead to__________.
A．various natural infections
B．the death of millions of innocent people
C．the outbreak of unpredictable deadly diseases
D．unexpected outbreak of infectious disease

33、From the text we learn that__________.
A．bioterrorism is an engineered threat to human beings
B．bioterrorism can be arrested by improving communication
C．natural infections and bioterrorism are the same in essence
D．the anthrax attacks are more threatening than the outbreak of SARS

34、The example of SARS is used to illustrate that__________.
A．much remains to be done in improving the public health system
B．the sooner the cases of infectious diseases are reported the better
C．WHO is an indispensable organization

D．Internet plays a very important role in fighting against infectious

35、 This passage is mainly about__________.
A．our progress during the past 13 years
B．defending against bioterrorism
C．combating natural emerging infections
D．the necessity to further improve the public health system

36、阅读材料，回答36-50题。

Health or Profit

Although there is no direct evidence that salt is the cause of high blood pressure ar“hypertension”，there are studies which indicate that reducing salt intake lowers blood pressure．Some scientists are also concerned that excessive use of salt may cause asthma and kidney disease．Therefore most doctors would welcome a decision by food manufacturers to decrease the amount of salt in food．
Many food manufacturers，however，are reluctant to reduce tile amount of salt．Salt is an important flavor enhancer and preservative．British Salt points out that salt is an essential nutrient and regular intake is required to maintain bodily functions．Moreover，according to British Salt，there are greater risk factors in hypertension，such as obesity(肥胖)，lack of exercise，alcohol intake and smokin9．Another reason why food producers are not keen on lowering the amount of salt is probably that they fear that less salt will mean lower sales．Not only
will the sale of processed food containing salt decease but also the sale of soft drinks．
A recent study，published in The Lancet of April l999，proves that if manufacturers cut the salt content of food it will not necessarily affect the taste of the product．Anthony Rodgers and Bruce Neal conducted a study to examine the difference in taste between bread with standard and reduced salt content．Three types of whole—meal bread were prepared，identical in all respects except for salt content．One loaf contained the standard quantity，one loaf l0％reduced and one 20％reduced．Sixty participants，who did not know the salt content were asked to rate the taste on a scale from zero to ten．They also had to guess which loaf contained the standard，10％reduced and 20％reduced quantity．Of the l80 9uesses of salt content，63 were correct，which is not different from what would be expected by chance．
The study by Rodgers and Neal indicates that small reductions in salt content will not necessarily affect sales．If food manufacturers decide to diminish the amount of salt in food，blood pressure of the entire population will shift downwards，which may result in considerable health benefits．One of Britain’s largest supermarkets，Asda，has already decided to decrease the amount of salt in its products．The Asda products will contain up to 25％less salt．
What brought about the demand for reduction of salt for food products?
A．Studies indicate that salt can cause high blood pressure．
B．Scientists think that the reduction of salt will reduce the possibility of asthma and kidney disease．
C．Doctors are sure that there is correlation between salt intake and many diseases．
D．Studies show that the reduced intake of salt may decrease the possibility of high blood pressure．

37、The key of the reduction of salt intake is__________．
A．salt is all inerrant flavor enhancer and preservative
B．salt is an essential nutrient for the body
C．the businessmen worry they will get less profit
D．there are some other important factors for high blood pressure

38、The results of recent experiment show that__________．
A．the small reduced salt bread tastes the same as the standard content one
B．most people can distinguish the content of salt in bread
C．standard bread is different in taste from 20％reduced salt bread
D．the less salt content of bread，the poorer taste it has

39、Whether reducing salt in food or not is determined by__________．
A．consumers
B．authority
C．businessmen
D．food producers

40、The author’s attitude toward reducing salt in food is__________．
A．agree
B．negative
C．eclectic
D．inexplicit

41、阅读材料，回答41-55题。

Satiric Literature

Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective.Satire rarely offers original ideas.Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form.Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies.What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected.Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false.Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism.None of these ideas is original.Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldoua Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swirl.It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular.It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive.They are stimulating and refreshing because with common sense briskness they brush away illusions and second-hand opinions.With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.
Satire exists because there is need for it.It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus,an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into all awareness of truth, though rarely to any active on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media issanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true.Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold die ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity.Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．Difficulties of writing satiric literature.
B．Popular topics of satire.
C．New philosophies emerging from satiric literature.
D．Reasons for the popularity of satire.

42、 The word "realization" in line 4 is closest in meaning to__________.
A．certainty
B．awareness
C．surprise
D．confusion

43、 Why does the author mention Don Quixote, Brave New World, and A Modest Proposal in lines 6～8?
A．They are famous examples of satiric literature.
B．They present common sense solutions to problems.
C．They ale appropriate for readers of all ages.
D．They are books with similar stories.

44、Which of the following can be found in satiric literature?
A．Newly emerging philosophies.
B．Odd combinations of objects and ideas.
C．Abstract discussion of morals and ethics.
D．Wholesome characters who are unselfish.

45、 According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to be__________.
A．informed about new scientific developments
B．exposed to original philosophies when they are formulated
C．reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurate
D．told how they can be of service to their communities

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